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Thursday, October 23, 2025

Coughing in Dogs and Cats: Causes, Diagnosis, Treatments & Safe Home Remedies

Causes and treatment of coughing in dogs and cats

Coughing in Dogs and Cats: Causes, Diagnosis, Treatments & Safe Home Remedies

Coughing in Dogs and Cats: Causes, Diagnosis, Treatments & Safe Home Remedies

Published: · Reading time: ~8 minutes

Short summary: Coughing in dogs and cats can be caused by infections, asthma, tracheal collapse, heart disease, foreign bodies, or tumors. This guide explains how to recognize serious signs, what your veterinarian may test for, treatment options, and safe at-home measures to support your pet.

How to tell whether a cough is mild or serious

Coughing is a symptom, not a definitive diagnosis. Occasional, soft coughs with a bright, active pet are often minor. Seek veterinary care urgently if you notice persistent coughing, difficulty breathing, blue or pale gums, collapse, fainting, coughing up blood, or marked lethargy.

Common causes of coughing in dogs

  • Infectious tracheobronchitis (kennel cough / CIRDC): A contagious upper airway condition producing a harsh, honking cough. Common in social dogs exposed to kennels and groomers.
  • Tracheal collapse: Particularly in small, toy breeds — a honking cough that worsens with excitement or pressure on the neck.
  • Lower respiratory infections / pneumonia: Often cause productive cough, fever, and lethargy; require veterinary diagnosis and treatment.
  • Heart disease (cardiac cough): Fluid around lungs from heart failure may produce coughing and exercise intolerance.
  • Allergic bronchitis / asthma (less common in dogs): Chronic cough triggered by environmental allergens.
  • Foreign body or mass: Inhaled objects or airway tumors typically produce persistent coughing and need imaging or endoscopy.

Common causes of coughing in cats

Cats can cough for several of the same reasons as dogs, but the most common causes include:

  • Feline asthma (bronchial disease): Intermittent coughing, wheeze and variable breathing effort. Inhaled corticosteroids are often preferred for long-term control.
  • Upper respiratory infections: Viral or bacterial infections may start with sneezing and progress to cough when the lower airway is involved.
  • Heart disease, parasites, foreign bodies, or cancer: Less common but important to rule out with diagnostics.

How veterinarians diagnose a cough

A systematic approach usually includes:

  1. A detailed history (onset, exposures, vaccination status, triggers).
  2. Physical exam including auscultation of the chest and listening for wheezes or crackles.
  3. Thoracic radiographs (X-rays) to evaluate lungs, heart size, masses, or tracheal collapse.
  4. Airway sampling (tracheal wash / bronchoalveolar lavage) if infection or inflammatory disease is suspected.
  5. Cardiac evaluation (ECG, echocardiography) if heart disease is suspected.
  6. Other tests: bloodwork, fecal parasite checks, CT or endoscopy for complex cases.

Evidence-based treatments

Dogs

Treatment depends on the cause:

  • Kennel cough: Often self-limiting. Rest, isolation from other dogs, a harness instead of a collar, and symptomatic care. Antibiotics may be used for secondary bacterial infections; cough suppressants can help severe coughs.
  • Tracheal collapse: Medical management with weight loss, anti-inflammatories, cough suppressants and bronchodilators is first-line. Severe cases may require surgical correction or stenting.
  • Pneumonia: Targeted antibiotics, supportive care and oxygen in severe cases.

Cats

  • Feline asthma: Inhaled corticosteroids for long-term control and bronchodilators for rescue therapy. Oral steroids work but have more side effects over time.
  • Infectious causes: Supportive care and antibiotics when a bacterial infection is confirmed.
Important safety note: Never give human cough medicines, decongestants, or corticosteroids to your pet without veterinary guidance — many human medications are toxic to animals.

Safe home remedies & supportive care (what vets commonly recommend)

These measures may ease mild coughing or support recovery while you arrange veterinary care:

  • Humidification / steam: 10–15 minutes in a steamy bathroom or a household humidifier can loosen secretions and soothe irritated airways.
  • Use a harness instead of a collar: Reduces pressure on the neck for dogs prone to tracheal collapse or cough triggered by collar pressure.
  • Reduce environmental irritants: Avoid cigarette smoke, strong perfumes, aerosol sprays and dusty cleaners.
  • Weight management: Keep pets at a healthy weight to reduce respiratory effort.
  • Hydration & nutrition: Encourage fluids and offer palatable food if mild illness affects appetite.

When to seek emergency care

Get urgent veterinary help if your pet shows any of the following:

  • Difficulty breathing or open-mouth breathing (cats)
  • Blue, pale or very dark gums
  • Collapse, fainting or marked lethargy
  • Continuous severe coughing or coughing up blood
  • High fever or obvious pain

Prevention tips

  • Keep vaccinations up to date (including kennel cough vaccines for social dogs).
  • Avoid high-risk boarding/grooming during outbreaks.
  • Use harnesses for small-breed dogs or those prone to airway sensitivity.
  • Control household smoke and strong aerosols; maintain parasite control.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Can kennel cough kill my dog?

Most cases are mild, but vulnerable dogs (puppies, seniors, immunocompromised) can become seriously ill — especially if secondary pneumonia develops.

Is my cat’s cough asthma or a hairball?

Hairballs typically cause gagging. Repeated hacking, wheeze or breathing difficulty more strongly suggests asthma — diagnostic imaging and veterinary assessment will clarify the cause.

Are there safe over-the-counter medicines for pet cough?

Not generally. Many human OTC medications are unsafe for animals. Consult a veterinarian before administering any medicine.

Will a humidifier help?

Yes — humidification often provides symptomatic relief for mild upper respiratory irritation in both dogs and cats.


Coughing in Dogs and Cats — Client Handout | Veterinary Care

🐾 Coughing in Dogs and Cats — What Every Pet Owner Should Know

Prepared by: Dr. Sheno.F.R, DVM
Clinic: [Dr.sheno Vet Clinic]
Contact: [allpethealth.blogspot.com]

🩺 What Does a Cough Mean?

A cough is your pet’s way of clearing its airways — but frequent or harsh coughing may signal something more serious. Occasional coughing can be normal (like clearing the throat), but if it’s persistent, harsh, or happens at night, it’s time to investigate.

⚠️ Warning Signs to Watch For

  • Cough lasting more than 3 days
  • Coughing up mucus, blood, or foam
  • Noisy breathing or wheezing
  • Lethargy, loss of appetite, or weight loss
  • Fever or nasal discharge
  • Blue or pale gums (oxygen shortage)
  • Collapse or fainting after coughing
  • Coughing worsens at night or after exc

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    References & further reading

    For pet owners seeking more detail, consult reputable veterinary resources such as Merck Veterinary Manual, Cornell Feline Health Center, and major veterinary hospital pages (VCA, Banfield). Your veterinarian can provide personalized diagnosis and therapy recommendations.

    Last updated: October 23, 2025. Always consult your veterinarian for a definitive diagnosis and tailored treatment plan for your pet.