Your comprehensive guide to the most important methods of poultry vaccinations
Vaccines are one of the most effective means of preventing disease. It provides the herd with specialized immunity against pathogens.
Vaccines benefit with bio-security measures ; They are the best way to reduce epidemics and provide birds with the necessary immunity to prevent infection for some diseases.
We will take you on a small tour to learn about the types of poultry vaccine, methods of vaccination, and the conditions that must be met for poultry vaccinations.
Vaccine
The vaccine is in the form of a bacteria or virus that has been exposed to several chemical and physical agents that are highly irritable; In order to weaken their ability to produce disease.
It is a preparation that contains antigens of the origin of the pathogen, and the vaccine works to enhance the body's immunity, and stimulate it to produce antibodies, which contribute to the prevention of a large number of diseases.
Types of Vaccines
There are 3 types of vaccine can be divided into the following:
Live Modified Vaccines
- Low virulent strains include Marinic, Newcastle, Pox, and Jumboro vaccines; This is due to the ability of the live virus to break into the cell and enter it.
Live vaccines are characterized by needing a small amount of virus to gain local and systemic immunity to the body; Therefore, it is one of the most prominent types of immunizations in poultry.
Inactivated vaccines
Inactivated vaccines include all containing concentrated antigens, and all are produced in different ways, to deliver a mixture of immune stimuli.
The importance of these triggers is to provide slow release of the vaccine from the injection site; To enhance cellular immunity.
These vaccines are usually injected in individual cases in herds of mothers and laying , and it is worth noting that they are also called dead vaccines among non-specialists.
Genetic vaccines
Genetic vaccines are located in the middle between the inactivated and live modified vaccines, but their success rates are varying, and they are still under study and testing for use in poultry vaccinations.
Conditions to be met during poultry vaccinations
The following is a statement of the most important conditions that must be met during vaccinations in poultry:
- The used vaccine should be stored in the refrigerator at a temperature between 4 to 8 degrees Celsius.
- Use the vaccine immediately after opening it, and not expose it to air for a long period of time.
- Do not stress poultry while vaccinating.
- Poultry vaccinations should be under the supervision of a veterinarian.
- Cautions for using expired vaccines for poultry vaccinations.
- Use of sterile equipment during the vaccination process.
- The water used to dissolve the vaccine should be free of sterilizers and disinfectants.
- The poultry to be vaccinated must be in good condition; There is no immunity in sick or weak birds.
- Giving the bird its prescribed dose of the vaccine.
- Feeding the bird on diets rich in vitamins and antibiotics before and after vaccination for 5 days.
Spraying vaccination method
-This method is usually used for chicks at the age of one day, and they must be in good condition, or to sterilize hatcheries, and the vaccine is dissolved in clean water free of disinfectants, with the need to clean and disinfect the bird's dwelling well before vaccinating it.
- The spraying is perpendicular to the birds, and the poultry remains inside the boxes after vaccination for 10 to 15 minutes.
Poultry vaccinations by wing prick
- This method is ideal for immunizing birds against smallpox, plague, and encephalitis, and the skin of the wing when in contact with the body is a good place to receive the vaccine.
- Immunization is carried out through a double needle prick, each containing a small incision; To load the vaccine material inside it and prick the skin with it.
- The success of the vaccination can be judged when the injection site swells and some pimples characteristic of the smallpox virus appear after 7 to 14 days.
- Care should be taken that the vaccine does not come into contact with the bird's mouth or eyes; To give birth to smallpox infection blisters.
Poultry vaccinations by injection
Poultry can be vaccinated with live vaccines by injection, such as: Newcastle and Reovirus, this method is characterized by generating a homogeneous immune response, and this method is used to immunize poultry against cholera.
Immunization by immersion
- In some cases, it is preferable to dip the birds’ beaks and nostrils in the solution without the eyes. This method is used in emergency vaccination cases, and chicks under the age of 3 weeks.
- The birds moving their heads after vaccination is a sign of its success, and it is preferable to complete the vaccination procedures within two hours of preparing the vaccine,
Instillation in the eyes and nose
- It is one of the best and most efficient ways to immunize birds with live vaccines, and it must be ensured that each bird receives its full dose of the vaccine, and instillation into the eyes and nose stimulates lymphocytes to produce local immunity.
Injection into eggs
The method of injection into eggs is used to immunize fertilized eggs of 18 days of age, and helps to maintain the sterilization and immunization of a large number of birds inside the eggs, and the injection is carried out in the yolk sac, the chorionic sac (Allantois), or in the chick itself.
Vaccines benefit with bio-security measures ; They are the best way to reduce epidemics and provide birds with the necessary immunity to prevent infection for some diseases.
We will take you on a small tour to learn about the types of poultry vaccine, methods of vaccination, and the conditions that must be met for poultry vaccinations.
Vaccine
The vaccine is in the form of a bacteria or virus that has been exposed to several chemical and physical agents that are highly irritable; In order to weaken their ability to produce disease.
It is a preparation that contains antigens of the origin of the pathogen, and the vaccine works to enhance the body's immunity, and stimulate it to produce antibodies, which contribute to the prevention of a large number of diseases.
Types of Vaccines
There are 3 types of vaccine can be divided into the following:
Live Modified Vaccines
- Low virulent strains include Marinic, Newcastle, Pox, and Jumboro vaccines; This is due to the ability of the live virus to break into the cell and enter it.
Live vaccines are characterized by needing a small amount of virus to gain local and systemic immunity to the body; Therefore, it is one of the most prominent types of immunizations in poultry.
Inactivated vaccines
Inactivated vaccines include all containing concentrated antigens, and all are produced in different ways, to deliver a mixture of immune stimuli.
The importance of these triggers is to provide slow release of the vaccine from the injection site; To enhance cellular immunity.
These vaccines are usually injected in individual cases in herds of mothers and laying , and it is worth noting that they are also called dead vaccines among non-specialists.
Genetic vaccines
Genetic vaccines are located in the middle between the inactivated and live modified vaccines, but their success rates are varying, and they are still under study and testing for use in poultry vaccinations.
Conditions to be met during poultry vaccinations
The following is a statement of the most important conditions that must be met during vaccinations in poultry:
- The used vaccine should be stored in the refrigerator at a temperature between 4 to 8 degrees Celsius.
- Use the vaccine immediately after opening it, and not expose it to air for a long period of time.
- Do not stress poultry while vaccinating.
- Poultry vaccinations should be under the supervision of a veterinarian.
- Cautions for using expired vaccines for poultry vaccinations.
- Use of sterile equipment during the vaccination process.
- The water used to dissolve the vaccine should be free of sterilizers and disinfectants.
- The poultry to be vaccinated must be in good condition; There is no immunity in sick or weak birds.
- Giving the bird its prescribed dose of the vaccine.
- Feeding the bird on diets rich in vitamins and antibiotics before and after vaccination for 5 days.
Poultry vaccination methods
Poultry vaccination methods include:
Vaccination in drinking water for poultry
It is known as one of the oldest methods in spread, and is characterized by saving more time and requires a small number of workers, and the effect of the vaccine appears after 5 days, and this method is commonly used in poultry vaccinations against Coccidiosis.
One of the most prominent disadvantages of this method is that the effectiveness of the vaccine is 4 times less than the spray immunization method, because the water contains chemicals that affect the effectiveness of the vaccine, such as: chlorine and tetra-ammonium chloride.
The procedure for vaccination in drinking water for poultry includes the following:
- Feed the poultry about 2 to 3 hours before administering the vaccine.
- Put an appropriate amount of clean water for all poultry.
- Open the desired ampoules under the surface of the water.
- Ensure that all drinking water mixed with the vaccine is used up after two hours.
Poultry vaccination methods include:
Vaccination in drinking water for poultry
It is known as one of the oldest methods in spread, and is characterized by saving more time and requires a small number of workers, and the effect of the vaccine appears after 5 days, and this method is commonly used in poultry vaccinations against Coccidiosis.
One of the most prominent disadvantages of this method is that the effectiveness of the vaccine is 4 times less than the spray immunization method, because the water contains chemicals that affect the effectiveness of the vaccine, such as: chlorine and tetra-ammonium chloride.
The procedure for vaccination in drinking water for poultry includes the following:
- Feed the poultry about 2 to 3 hours before administering the vaccine.
- Put an appropriate amount of clean water for all poultry.
- Open the desired ampoules under the surface of the water.
- Ensure that all drinking water mixed with the vaccine is used up after two hours.
Spraying vaccination method
-This method is usually used for chicks at the age of one day, and they must be in good condition, or to sterilize hatcheries, and the vaccine is dissolved in clean water free of disinfectants, with the need to clean and disinfect the bird's dwelling well before vaccinating it.
- The spraying is perpendicular to the birds, and the poultry remains inside the boxes after vaccination for 10 to 15 minutes.
Poultry vaccinations by wing prick
- This method is ideal for immunizing birds against smallpox, plague, and encephalitis, and the skin of the wing when in contact with the body is a good place to receive the vaccine.
- Immunization is carried out through a double needle prick, each containing a small incision; To load the vaccine material inside it and prick the skin with it.
- The success of the vaccination can be judged when the injection site swells and some pimples characteristic of the smallpox virus appear after 7 to 14 days.
- Care should be taken that the vaccine does not come into contact with the bird's mouth or eyes; To give birth to smallpox infection blisters.
Poultry vaccinations by injection
Poultry can be vaccinated with live vaccines by injection, such as: Newcastle and Reovirus, this method is characterized by generating a homogeneous immune response, and this method is used to immunize poultry against cholera.
Immunization by immersion
- In some cases, it is preferable to dip the birds’ beaks and nostrils in the solution without the eyes. This method is used in emergency vaccination cases, and chicks under the age of 3 weeks.
- The birds moving their heads after vaccination is a sign of its success, and it is preferable to complete the vaccination procedures within two hours of preparing the vaccine,
Instillation in the eyes and nose
- It is one of the best and most efficient ways to immunize birds with live vaccines, and it must be ensured that each bird receives its full dose of the vaccine, and instillation into the eyes and nose stimulates lymphocytes to produce local immunity.
Injection into eggs
The method of injection into eggs is used to immunize fertilized eggs of 18 days of age, and helps to maintain the sterilization and immunization of a large number of birds inside the eggs, and the injection is carried out in the yolk sac, the chorionic sac (Allantois), or in the chick itself.
